ἐν μέσῳ

μεσάζω

to be half-cooked: fut ind act 1st sg (attic epic ionic)

μεσόω

to be in: pres subj act 1st sg

μεσόω

to be in: pres ind act 1st sg

μεσάζω

to be half-cooked: fut ind act 1st sg (attic epic ionic)

μεσόω

to be in: pres subj act 1st sg

μεσόω

to be in: pres ind act 1st sg

μέσης

a wind between: masc gen sg (attic epic ionic)

μέσος

b: masc /neut nom /voc /acc dual

μέσος

b: masc /neut gen sg (doric aeolic)

μεσόω

to be in: pres imperat act 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

μεσόω

to be in: imperf ind act 3rd sg (doric aeolic)

μέσος

b: masc /neut dat sg

Βλ. λ. μέσω

μέσῳ, μέσος

b: masc /neut dat sg

μέσος, η, ον (Hom.+). The distinction between ‘middle’ and ‘among’ for μ. is sometimes rather fluid, and some of the passages here cited may fit equally well under 1 or 2.

① pert. to a middle position spatially or temporally, middle, in the middle.

ⓐ as adj. (of intermediate terms: Pla., Rep. 330b, Pol. 303a) ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν ἀνήρ the man in their midst, apparently surrounded by them Hs 9, 12, 7. μέσης νυκτός at midnight (3 Km 3:20.—B-D-F §270, 2; Rob. 495; Lobeck, Phryn. p. 53; 54; 465) Mt 25:6. ἡμέρας μέσης at midday (Jos., Bell. 1, 651, Ant. 17, 155) Ac 26:13. εἰς μέσην τὴν οἰκοδομήν into the middle of the building Hs 9, 7, 5; cp. 9, 8, 2; 4; 6 (cp. Philo, Fuga 49 εἰς μέσον τὸν ποταμόν; Jos., Ant. 4, 80 εἰς μέσον τὸ πῦρ). ἐσταύρωσαν … μέσον τὸν Ἰησοῦν they crucified Jesus between (them) J 19:18. ἐσχίσθη τὸ καταπέτασμα μέσον the curtain was torn in two Lk 23:45 (cp. Artem. 4, 30 τὸ ἱμάτιον μέσον ἐρρωγέναι). ἐλάκησεν μέσος Ac 1:18 (cp. Aristoph., Ran. 955). ἐν μέσοις τοῖς ὀργάνοις τοῦ διαβόλου in the midst of the tools of the devil 2 Cl 18:2 (for the syntax cp. Gen 2:9 ἐν μέσῳ τῷ παραδείσῳ).

ⓑ as subst. neut. τὸ μ. the middle (on the absence of the art. s. B-D-F §264, 4; cp. Rob. 792) ἀνὰ μέσον τινός (s. ἀνά 1) ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ὁρίων within or through the region Mk 7:31. ἀνὰ μ. αὐτῶν between them GPt 4:10; Hs 9, 2, 3; 9, 15, 2. ἀνὰ μ. ἐκκλησίας ἁγίων B 6:16; 4:10; διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μ. τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ between one (congregation) member and another 1 Cor 6:5 (s. ἀνά 1b. Perh. μέσος prompted a shortening of the sentence tending to obscurity; cp. the Stoic expr. μέσα καθήκοντα = καθήκοντα ἃ ἐν μέσῳ ἐστὶ κατορθωμάτων κ. ἁμαρτημάτων: MPohlenz, D. Stoa II ’49, 73f). τὸ ἀρνίον τὸ ἀ. μ. τοῦ θρόνου the lamb who is (seated) on the center of the throne Rv 7:17. ἀνὰ μ. τῆς ὁδοῦ (they made) half their journey GJs 17:3.—διὰ μέσου αὐτῶν through the midst of them (X., An. 1, 4, 4; Aesop. Fab. 147 P.=247 H./201a Ch./152 [I, II] H-H.; Am 5:17; Jer 44:4; Jdth 11:19; 1 Macc 5:46; Ath. 18, 3 ‘between’) Lk 4:30; J 8:59 v.l. διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 prob. can only mean through Samaria and Galilee; but this raises a practical difficulty, since we should expect to find the provinces mentioned in the opposite order. Perh. the text is damaged (cp. the vv.ll. διὰ μέσου and μέσον; s. B-D-F §222; Rob. 648; JBlinzler, AWikenhauser Festschr. ’54, 46ff. If the v.l. διὰ μέσου Σ. καὶ Γ. should be correct, we could compare Maximus Tyr. 28, 4a διὰ μέσου πίστεως κ. ἀπιστίας=throughout between). For the view that μέσον signifies the area betw. S. and G. s. the comm. Cp. δια B1.—εἰς τὸ μέσον into the middle or center (X., Cyr. 3, 1, 6; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 24; 3 Km 6:8; Jos., Ant. 9, 149) Mk 3:3; Lk 4:35; 5:19; 6:8; J 20:19, 26 (ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον as Vi. Aesopi G 82 P.); Hs 9, 8, 5; also in the middle 9, 6, 1. W. gen. (X., An. 1, 5; 14a; Jer 21:4; 48:7; Sb 6270, 13) εἰς τὸ μ. αὐτῶν in the midst of them 9, 11, 7. Without the art. (LXX; Jos., Vi. 334; SibOr 3, 674) εἰς μ. τοῦ πεδίου in the middle of the plain Hs 9, 2, 1 (εἰς μ.=‘in the middle’, as Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 30 p. 44, 21 Lag.). τί … τὸ ἔριον εἰς μ. τῶν ἀκανθῶν τιθέασιν; Why do they place the wool in the middle of the thorns? 7:11. ἀναστὰς εἰς μ. he arose (and came) forward Mk 14:60 (cp. Theocr. 22, 82 ἐς μέσον=into the middle; Himerius, Or. 63 [=Or. 17], 2 εἰς μέσον ἔρχεσθαι=come into the open; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 1 στὰς εἰς τὸ μ.).—ἐν τῷ μ. among, before (more closely defined by the context, or = in public [so Clearch., Fgm. 45 οἴκοι καὶ μὴ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ; Appian, Liby. 15 §63]) Mt 14:6 (Dio Chrys. 30 [79], 39 ὀρχεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ μέσω; Lucian, Pereg. 8) and into the middle, before (them) (Vi. Aesopi W c. 86 στὰς ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἔφη) Ac 4:7. Without the art. (LXX) ἐν μέσῳ (on the spelling ἐμ μέσῳ, which occurs several times as v.l., s. B-D-F §19, 1; Mlt-H. 105) abs. into the middle, before (someone) (Appian, Hann. 16 §67, Liby. 14 §59; Jos., Ant. 7, 278) J 8:3; MPol 18:1 and in the middle (Pla., Rep. 558a; Herm. Wr. 4, 3; PLille 1 recto, 5 [259 B.C.]; GrBar 13:4) J 8:9. W. gen. of place (Aeneas Tact. 1529; 1532; TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 21 [Stone p. 28], B 8 p. 113, 3 [St. p. 74]; ParJer 1:2; GrBar 10:2) τῆς θαλάσσης (En 97:7) in the middle of the lake Mk 6:47. τῆς πλατείας through the middle of the street Rv 22:2. ἐν μ. τῆς αὐλῆς in the middle of the courtyard Lk 22:55a; τοῦ τάφου GPt 13:55. ἐν μ. αὐτῆς within it (the city of Jerusalem) Lk 21:21; cp. Dg 12:3; MPol 12:1; 12:2(?). ἐν μ. τοῦ θρόνου καὶ τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων on the center of the throne and among the four living creatures Rv 5:6a (w. double gen. also between: Appian, Hann. 14 §60, Bell. Civ. 5, 23 §92; Arrian, Anab. 1, 20, 2; 3, 28, 8 al.; Lucian, Fugit. 10 ἐν μ. ἀλαζονείας κ. φιλοσοφίας). ἐν μέσῳ τ. θρόνου around (on every side of) the throne 4:6 (but between the throne and a more remote point: RBrewer, JBL 71, ’52, 227–31).—ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας Hb 2:12 (Ps 21:23); cp. Ac 17:22. κατὰ μέσον (Jos., Bell. 5, 207; SibOr 3, 802 κατὰ μέσσον=‘in the middle’ [of the day]) κατὰ μ. τῆς νυκτός about midnight Ac 16:25 D; 27:27.

ⓒ The neut. μέσον serves as adv. (e.g., Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 43 §175 μ.=meanwhile) ἦν μέσον ὡς he was in the center of it as MPol 15:2; and is used as prep. w. gen. (B-D-F §215, 3; Rob. 644. Cp. Hdt. 9, 107, 2; Polyb. 8, 25, 1; Epict. 2, 22, 10; LXX, TestSol; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 31 [Stone p. 8]; JosAs 24:21; Jos., Ant. 6, 65; SibOr 3, 319) μ. τῆς θαλάσσης in the middle of the lake Mt 14:24 v.l.; μ. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς in the midst of a crooked generation Phil 2:15 (cp. Maximus Tyr. 36, 5a ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σιδηρῷ τούτῳ γένει).

② pert. to a position within a group, without focus on mediate position, among.

ⓐ as adj. ἐκάθητο ὁ Πέτρος μέσος αὐτῶν Peter was sitting among them Lk 22:55 (the point being not as center of attention but inconspicuously in the group; cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 107). μέσος ὑμῶν ἕστηκεν J 1:26 (Jos., Ant. 14, 23). τοῦ πύργου μέσου Hs 9, 8, 2. εἶδον … μέσον αὐτῶν τὸν Παῦλον AcPl Ha 11, 14.

ⓑ as subst. neuter ἀνὰ μέσον τινός (s. ἀνά 1) among someth. Mt 13:25. W. gen. pl. (TestJob 32:6 ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου) in the midst of, among in answer to the questions where and whither (B-D-F §215, 3 app.) Mt 18:2, 20; Mk 9:36; Lk 2:46; 24:36; Ac 1:15; 2:22; 6:15 D; 27:21; Rv 5:6b; cp. 6:6. Of close personal relationship ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν among you = in communion with you Lk 22:27; 1 Th 2:7.—ἐν μ. λύκων among wolves Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 2 Cl 5:2.—W. gen. pl. of things (Alciphron 3, 24, 3) Lk 8:7; Rv 1:13; 2:1. ἐκ (τοῦ) μ. from among (X., An. 1, 5, 14b; oracular response in Diod S 9, 3, 2; LXX=מִתּוֹךְ): αἴρειν τι (or τινά) ἐκ (τοῦ) μέσου (τινῶν) Col 2:14; 1 Cor 5:2 (s. αἴρω 3). ἁρπάσαι αὐτὸν ἐκ μ. αὐτῶν Ac 23:10 (s. ἁρπάζω 2a). ἀφορίζειν τοὺς πονηροὺς ἐκ μ. τῶν δικαίων Mt 13:49 (s. ἀφορίζω 1). γίνεσθαι ἐκ μ. 2 Th 2:7 (s. γίνομαι 6b). ἐξέρχεσθαι ἐκ μ. αὐτῶν from among them Ac 17:33; cp. 2 Cor 6:17 (cp. Is 52:11). κύριος λαμβάνει ἑαυτῷ ἔθνος ἐκ μ. ἐθνῶν 1 Cl 29:3 (cp. Dt 4:34).—B. 864. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

μέσος, η, ον, also Arc. (v. ἰμέσος, μεσακόθεν); [dialect] Ep. [full] μέσσος (also [dialect] Aeol., Sapph.1.12, IG11(4).1064b32, and Lyr., Pi.P.4.224, and sts. in Trag., E.HF 403 (lyr.), S.OC 1247 (lyr.), Tr. 635 (lyr.), Ant. 1223, 1236, Fr.255.5), [dialect] Boeot., Cret. [full] μέττος, IG7.2420.20 (iii B. C.), GDI 5000 ii

A b 2 (v B. C.):—middle, in the middle,

I of Space, esp. with Nouns, of the middle point or part,

μ. σάκος Il.7.258

;

ἱστίον 1.481

; οὐρανός zenith, Od.4.400; μ. ἀπήνης from mid chariot, S.OT 812; ἐν αἰθέρι μ. in mid-air, Id.Ant. 416; μ. μετώπῳ in the middle of the forehead, PRyl.128.30 (i A. D.): in Prose freq. preceding the Art.,

κατὰ μέσον τὸν σταθμόν X.An.1.7.14

; ἐν μ. τῇ χώρᾳ ib.2.1.11; ἐκ μ. τῆς νήσου, κατὰ μ. τὴν νῆσον, Pl.Criti. 113d, 119d; ἐπὶ μέσου τοῦ τμάματος at the middle point of the segment, Archim.Aequil.1.6; ἁ ἐπὶ μέσαν τὰν βάσιν ἀγομένα (sc. εὐθεῖα) ib.12: sts. following the Noun,

ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ μέσῃ D.29.12

: less freq. midmost, central, of three or more objects,

μ. ὁδός Thgn.220

, 331; ὁ μ. [δάκτυλος] Pl.R. 523c; τὸ μ. στῖφος the central division of the army, X.An.1.8.13; μέσον, τό, centre,

ἡ ἐπὶ τὸ μ. φορά Iamb.Protr.21

.

b with a Verb, ἔχεται μ. by the middle, by the waist, prov. from the wrestling-ring, Ar.Eq. 387 (lyr.), cf. Ach. 571 (lyr.), Nu. 1047, Ra. 469;

μέσην λαβόντα Id.Ach. 274

, cf. Hdt.9.107, D.53.17;

ὁ πέπλος ἐρράγη μ. Philippid.25.5

.

c c. gen., midway between,

ἑνὸς καὶ πλήθους τὸ ὀλίγον μ. Pl.Plt. 303a

(also μ. ἐπ' ἀμφότερα, ibid.):—S. has

μέσος ἀπὸ [τοῦ κρατῆρος] τοῦ τε πέτρου OC 1595

.

2 of Time, Hom. only in phrase μέσον ἦμαρ midday, Il.21.111, Od.7.288, Pi.P.9.113;

μέσαι νύκτες Sapph.52

, Hdt.4.181, X. An.7.8.12, etc.;

θέρευς ἔτι μέσσου ἐόντος Hes.Op. 502

;

χειμῶνος μέσου Ar.Fr.569.1

;

μ. ἡμέρα Hdn.8.5.9

; μ. ἡλικία middle age, Pl.Ep. 316c: so

μέσοι τὴν ἡλικίαν E.Ep.5

; μέσος ἀκμῆς v.l. in Theoc.25.164.

3 metaph., impartial, Th.4.83, PLond.1.113(1).27 (vi A.D.).

b inter-mediate, freq. c. gen.,

μ. τις γέγονα χρηματιστὴς τοῦ τε πάππου καὶ τοῦ πατρός Pl.R. 330b

;

ψιλὸν μὲν τὸ π ¯, δασὺ δὲ τὸ φ ¯, μέσον δὲ ἀμφοῖν τὸ β ¯ D.H.Comp.14

(v. infr. d); ἡ τρίτη καὶ μ. τῶν εἰρημένων δυεῖν ἁρμονιῶν ib.24; ὁ μ. χαρακτήρ ib.21; indeterminate, Luc.Par.28; τὰ μ. things indifferent (neither good nor bad), Stoic.3.135, al.; of words such as τύχη, EM626.38; ζῴδια (neither lucky nor unlucky) Vett.Val.93.9;

μ. δίαιτα Diocl.Fr.141

, cf.Sor.1.46.

c Gramm., of Verbs, middle, Eust. 1846.30, etc.; μ. διάθεσις, σχήματα, A.D.Synt.226.10, 210.18; μ. ἐνεστώς present middle, ib.278.25.

d Gramm., of consonants, Lat. mediae, i. e. β ¯ γ ¯ δ ¯, D.T.631.23: but also of semi-vowels, Pl.Phlb. 18c: of accent, ὀξύτητι καὶ βαρύτητι καὶ τῷ μέσῳ, i. e. the circumflex, Arist. Po. 1456b33.

II middling, moderate,

1 of size, μέσοι ὀφθαλμοί, ὦτα, γλῶττα, Id.HA 492a8,33, b31; μ. μεγέθει ib. 496a21, PPetr.1p.37 (iii B. C.); μ. alone, of middle height, PGrenf.2.23 (a) ii 3 (ii B. C.), POxy. 73.13 (i A. D.), etc.

2 of class or quality,

πάντων μέσ' ἄριστα Thgn. 335

;

παντὶ μέσῳ τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὤπασεν A.Eu. 529

(lyr.);

μ. ἐν πόλει Phoc.12

; μ. ἀνήρ a man of middle rank, Hdt.1.107;

μ. πολίτης Th.6.54

;

τὰ μ. τῶν πολιτῶν Id.3.82

(so

τῶν ἀνὰ πόλιν τὰ μ. Pi.P.11.52

); οἱ μ., between οἱ εὔποροι and οἱ ἄποροι, Arist.Pol. 1289b31, 1295b3; οἱ μ. πολῖται ib. 1296a19; τὸ μ. ib. 1295b37; μ. [πολιτεία] ib. 1296a7;

ὁ μ. βίος Luc.Luct.9

; mediocre, Pl.Prt. 346d; τῶν ἑταιρῶν αἱ μ. Theopomp. Com.21. Adv. μέσως, ἱκανόν fairly adequate, Phld.Rh.2.4S.

III μέσον, τό, midst, intervening space, mostly with Preps.,

a ἐν μέσσῳ, = ἐν μεταιχμίῳ, Il.3.69,90;

ἐν τῷ μ.

in the midst,

Ev.Matt.14.6

; ἡ 'ν μέσῳ [μοῖρα] σῴζει πόλεις the middle class, E.Supp. 244: without

ἐν, ἔμβαλε μέσσῳ Il.4.444

;

ἔνθορε μέσσῳ 21.233

;

μέσσῳ ἀμφοτέρων 3.416

, 7.277;

τῶνδέ τ' ἐν μ. πεσεῖν E.Ph. 583

;

ἐν μ. λόγους ἔχειν Id.Hel. 630

;

μῆκος ἐν μ. χρόνου A.Supp. 735

;

χρόνος οὑν μ. E.Ph. 589

(troch.); τὰ ἐν μ. what went between, S.OC 583; οἱ ἐν μ. λόγοι the intervening words, Id.El. 1364, E.Med. 819;

κλίνης ἐν μ. Id.Hec. 1150

; ἐν μ. ἡμῶν καὶ βασιλέως between us and him, X.An.2.2.3;

σοφίας καὶ ἀμαθίας ἐν μ. Pl.Smp. 203e

; ἐν μ. νυκτῶν at midnight, X.Cyr.5.3.52; ἆθλα κείμεν' ἐν μέσῳ offered for competition (cf. infr. b), D.4.5, cf. Thgn.994, X.An.3.1.21; ἡ τιμὴ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἔστω deposited with the court, Herod.2.90: without ἐν, καὶ μέσῳ πάντες καὶ χωρὶς ἕκαστος both collectively and severally, IG12(5).872.27,31,38, al. ([place name] Tenos): in pl.,

κεῖτο δ' ἄρ' ἐν μέσσοισι Il.18.507

;

ἐν μέσοισ' Xenoph.1.7

; ἐν μέσῳ εἶναι τοῦ συμμεῖξαι to stand in the way of.., X.Cyr.5.2.26; ἡ γὰρ θάλαττα ἐν τῷ μ. is an obstacle, Id.Ath.2.2;

οὐδεὶς ἐν μέσσῳ γείτων πέλεν Theoc.21.17

;

οὐδὲν ἂν ἦν ἐν μ. πολεμεῖν ἡμᾶς D.23.183

; cf. ἰμέσος.

b ἐς μέσον, ἐς μ. ἀμφοτέρων, freq. in Hom. for ἐς μεταίχμιον, Il.4.79, 6.120; ἀνδρὶ δὲ νικηθέντι γυναῖκ' ἐς μέσσον ἔθηκε deposited her as a prize (cf. supr. a), 23.704;

ἐς μ. δεικνύναι τινί τι Pi.Fr.42.3

; ἐς μ. ἵεσθαι, ἐλθεῖν, παρελθεῖν, S.Tr. 514 (lyr.), Theoc.22.183, Plu. Agis9;

ἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέροισι.. δικάσσατε Il.23.574

; ἐς τὸ μ. φέρειν bring forward publicly, Hdt.4.97, D.18.139;

ἐς τὸ μ. λέγεσθαι Hdt. 6.129

; ἐς μ. Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ πρήγματα to give up the power in common to all, Id.3.80; ἐς μ. τὴν ἀρχὴν τιθεὶς ἰσονομίην ὑμῖν προαγορεύω ib. 142.

c ἐκ τοῦ μέσου away,

ἐκ μ. ἀνελεῖν D.10.36

, 18.294; [

χειρόγραφον] ἦρκεν ἐκ τοῦ μ. Ep.Col.2.14

, cf. Arr.Epict.3.3.15; also ἐκ μ. a half,

ἔτη ὀκτὼ καὶ ἔνατον ἐκ μ. Th.4.133

; also ἐκ μ. κατῆστο remained in the middle, i. e. neutral (cf.

ἐκ 1.6

fin.), Hdt.3.83, cf. 4.118, 8.22,73.

d διὰ μέσου between,

τὸ διὰ μ. ἔθνος Id.1.104

;

διὰ μ. ποιεῖσθαι X.Cyr.6.3.3

; διὰ μ. γενέσθαι intervene, of an event, Th.4.20: c. gen.,

διὰ μέσου τῆς πόλεως ῥεῖ ποταμός X. An.1.2.23

; διὰ μ. ῥεῖ τούτων ποταμός ib.1.4.4, etc.;

τὸ τούτων διὰ μ. Pl.Lg. 805e

; also οἱ διὰ μέσου the middle party, the moderates, Th. 8.75, X.HG5.4.25; τὸ διὰ μ. the middle class, Arist.Pol. 1296a8; of Time,

ὁ διὰ μ. χρόνος Hdt.9.112

; ἡ διὰ μ. ξύμβασις an interim agreement, Th.5.26; διὰ μέσου, as a figure of speech, use of parenthesis, Hdn.Fig.p.95S.

e ἀν (ὀν) τὸ μ. in the midst, Alc.18.3, Xenoph.1.11, Thgn.839; ἀνὰ μέσον midway between, Arist.HA 496a22, Antiph. 13, Theoc.22.21, etc.;

ἀνὰ μ. τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ GDI2010

(Delph.), cf. PTeb.13.9 (ii B. C.), al.;

θρὶξ ἀνὰ μέσσον Theoc.14.9

;

ἀνὰ μέσσα Nic.Th. 167

; also ἀνὰ μέσον φέρε, = μετρίως, Men.531.18.

f κατὰ μέσσον, = ἐν μέσῳ, Il.5.8, 16.285, etc.: c. gen., κὰδ δὲ μέσον τάφρου καὶ τείχεος ἷζον between, 9.87.

2 μέσον, τό, difference, τὸ μ. πρὸς τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας the average between.., Th.1.10; πολλὸν τὸ μ., πολὺ τὸ μ., the difference is great, Hdt.1.126, E.Alc. 914 (anap.); τὸ μ. οὐδὲν τῆς ἔχθρης ἐστί there is no middle course for our enmity, Hdt.7.11.

3 middle state, mean,

τὸ μ. καὶ τὸ εὖ Arist.EN 1109b26

; ποιήματα μέσα, opp. ὀγκώδη, in the (correct) mean, Phld.Po.5.5. Adv. -ως

, ἀναστρέφεσθαι Id.Rh.1.155S.

4 in Logic, τὸ μ. the middle term of a syllogism, opp. τὰ ἄκρα, Arist.APr. 66a30; also ὁ μ. (sc. ὅρος) ib. 25b33.

5 Math., middle terms in a proportion, Euc.6.16; μέση, or μέση (μέσος) ἀνάλογον a mean proportional (straight line or number), ib.13, 17, 8.11, 12, al.;

μέσης εὕρεσις Arist.de An. 413a19

, Metaph. 996b21; μέση medial, a specific kind of irrational (straight line), Euc.10.21, al.; μέσον ὀρθογώνιον ([etym.] χωρίον) medial rectangle (area), ib.24, al.

6 Astron., ὁ διὰ μέσων τῶν ζῳδίων κύκλος the ecliptic, Hipparch.1.9.3,4, Gem.2.21, Ptol.Alm.2.7: without κύκλος, Eudox. ap. Arist.Metaph. 1073b20, Hipparch.1.9.12; simply,

ὁ διὰ μέσων D.L.7.146

; but, ὁ μέσος [κύκλος] the equator of a rotating sphere, Arist.Metaph. 1073b30.

7 μέσα, τά, = μέζεα, Blaes.p.191 K.

b = κοιλία 1.3, Herod.Med. ap. Orib.5.27.3, Gal.14.732: sg., Heph.Astr.1.1 (v.l. τὰ μέσα Cat.Cod.Astr.8(2).45).

8 Μέσον, τό, one of the law-courts at Athens, Phot., Sch.Ar.V. 120.

9 οὐ τοῖς μέσοις τῆς βίας χρωμένη no ordinary force, Hierocl.p.15 A.

IV μέση, ἡ, as Subst., v. μέση.

V Adv. μέσον, [dialect] Ep. μέσσον, in the middle, Il.12.167, Od.14.300: c. gen., between,

οὐρανοῦ μ. χθονός <τε> E.Or. 983

(lyr.), cf. Arr.Epict.2.22.10; in the midst of,

μ. τῆς θαλάσσης LXX Ex.14.27

;

μ. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς Ep.Phil.2.15

: also in pl.,

μέσα αἰετὸς οὐρανοῦ ποτᾶται E.Rh. 530

(lyr.), cf. Nic.Fr.74.26.

2 regul. Adv.

μέσως, πόλεώς τ' οὐ μ. εὐδαίμονος E.Andr. 873

, cf. Hec. 1113, Isoc.9.23; καὶ μ. even in a moderate degree, even a little, Th.2.60; μ. ἔχειν πρός or περί τι to be in the mean.., Arist.EN 1105b28, 1119a11;

θερμότερον ἢ κραυρότερον ἢ μ. ἔχον Eub.7.1

, cf. Sosip. 1.53; μ. βεβιωκέναι in a middle way, i. e. neither well nor ill, Pl.Phd. 113d;

μ. μεθύων Men.226

; μ. διατιθέναι in an intermediate way, D.H. Comp.14.

b Gramm., in the middle voice, A.D. Synt.276.21.

VI irreg. [comp] Comp.

μεσαίτερος Pl.Prm. 165b

: [comp] Sup.

μεσαίτατος Hdt.4.17

, Arist.Mu. 392b33, Gem.9.3, etc.; poet.

μεσσότατος A.R.4.649

, Man. 6.373. (Cf. Skt. mádhyas 'middle', Lat. medius, etc.)

ἵστημι (Hom.+, ins, pap [Mayser 353]; LXX [Thackeray 247f]; pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog. exc. Ar.) and also ἱστάνω (since I B.C. SIG 1104, 26 ἱστανόμενος; pap [Mayser, loc. cit., with ἀνθιστάνω documented here as early as III B.C.]; Epict. 3, 12, 2; LXX [Ezk 17:14; Thackeray, loc. cit.]; later wr. in Psaltes 236) Ro 3:31; Hs 8, 1, 10 (s. Whittaker on 8, 1, 8; s. B-D-F §93; Mlt-H. 202). Fut. στήσω; 1 aor. ἔστησα; 2 aor. ἔστην, impv. στῆθι, inf. στῆναι, ptc. στάς; pf. ἕστηκα ( I stand), ptc. ἑστηκώς, ός and ἑστώς En 12:3; JosAs 7:2; J 12:29,-ῶσα J 8:9 v.l., neut. ἑστώς Rv 14:1 v.l. (s. B-D-F §96; W-S. §14, 5; Mlt-H. 222) and ἑστός, inf. always ἑστάναι; plpf. εἱστήκειν ( I stood) or ἱστήκειν GPt 2:3, third pl. εἱστήκεισαν Mt 12:46; J 18:18; Ac 9:7; Rv 7:11 (W-H. spell it ἱστ. everywhere); ἑστάκαμεν w. act. mng. 1 Macc 11:34; fut. mid. στήσομαι Rv 18:15. Pass.: 1 fut. σταθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐστάθην (PEg² 65). S. στήκω. Trans.: A. Intr.: B, C, D.

A. trans. (pres., impf., fut., 1 aor. act.; s. B-D-F §97, 1; Mlt-H. 241) gener. ‘put, place, set’.

① to cause to be in a place or position, set, place, bring, allow to come τινά someone, lit. ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ Ac 5:27. εἰς αὐτούς before them 22:30. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at someone’s right (hand) Mt 25:33. ἐν μέσῳ in the midst, among 18:2; Mk 9:36; J 8:3. ἐνώπιόν τινος before someone Ac 6:6. Also κατενώπιόν τινος Jd 24. ἐπί τι upon someth. Mt 4:5; Lk 4:9. παρά τινι beside someone 9:47.

② to propose someone for an obligation, put forward, propose, lit. (e.g. Just., A I, 60, 3 Μωυσέα … τύπον σταυροῦ … στῆσαι ἐπὶ τῇ ἁγίᾳ σκηνῇ) τινά for a certain purpose: the candidates for election to the apostleship Ac 1:23. μάρτυρας ψευδεῖς 6:13 (cp. Mel., P. 93, 700 ψευδομάρτυρες).

③ to set up or put into force, establish, fig. ext. of 1 (cp. Gen 26:3 τὸν ὅρκον; Ex 6:4) τὴν ἰδίαν δικαιοσύνην Ro 10:3. τὸ δεύτερον (opp. ἀναιρεῖν τὸ πρῶτον, a ref. to sacrificial system) Hb 10:9.—Of legal enforcement κύριε, μὴ στήσῃς αὐτοῖς ταύτην τ. ἁμαρτίαν Lord, do not hold this sin against them Ac 7:60 (contrast ἀφίημι 1 Macc 13:38f; 15:5; Stephen’s expression=ἄφες Lk 23:34; s. Beginn. IV, ad loc.).

④ to validate someth. that is in force or in practice, reinforce validity of, uphold, maintain, validate τὶ someth. fig. ext. of 1 (1 Macc 2:27 τὴν διαθήκην) τὴν παράδοσιν ὑμῶν validate or maintain your own tradition Mk 7:9. νόμον ἱστάνομεν we uphold (the) law Ro 3:31 (s. καταργέω 2).

⑤ to cause to be steadfast, make someone stand δυνατεῖ ὁ κύριος στῆσαι αὐτόν Ro 14:4.

⑥ to specify contractually

ⓐ set/fix a time a period of time ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 3a) Ac 17:31.

ⓑ determine a monetary amount οἱ δὲ ἔστησαν αὐτῷ τριάκοντα ἀργύρια Mt 26:15 (=Zech 11:12 ἔστησαν τὸν μισθόν μου τριάκοντα ἀργύρους), presents a special problem for interpreters because of the author’s theological and narrative interests, which prompt him to connect an allusion here to Zech 11:12 in anticipation of a fulfillment statement at Mt 27:9f, which in haggadic fashion draws on Zech 11:13 in the longer form of the Mt and Jer 32 (Mt 39):7–9 (s. JDoeve, Jewish Hermeneutics in the Synoptic Gospels and Acts, ’54, 185–87). Jer 39:9 and Zech 11:12 use the verb ἱ. in the sense weigh out on scales (Hom.; X., Cyr. 8, 2, 21, Mem. 1, 1, 9 al.; GDI p. 870, ⁿ49 A [Ephesus VI B.C.] 40 minas ἐστάθησαν; Is 46:6; Jer 39:9; 2 Esdr 8:25), and some (e.g. BWeiss, HHoltzmann, JWeiss; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 227f; Field, Notes 19f) interpret Mt 26:15 in this sense. Of course Mt’s readers would know that coinage of their time was not ‘weighed out’ and would understand ἱ. in the sense of striking a bargain (ἵστημι=set a price, make an offer, close a bargain: Herodas 7, 68 pair of shoes; BGU 1116, 8 [I B.C.]; 912, 25 [I A.D.]; PRainer 206, 10 [II A.D.] κεφάλαιον), they set out (=offered, allowed) for him (=paid him) 30 silver coins (Wlh., OHoltzmann, Schniewind), but the more sophisticated among them would readily recognize the obsolete mng. Ac 7:60 is sometimes interpreted in a related sense, but the absence of a direct object of amount paid suggests that the pass. is better placed in 3 above.

B. intr., aor. and fut. forms

① to desist from movement and be in a stationary position, stand still, stop (Hom., Aristot.; Philostrat., Ep. 36, 2 ὁ ποταμὸς στήσεται; TestSol 7:3 οὕτως ἔστη ἡ αὔρα) Lk 24:17. στὰς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐφώνησεν αὐτούς Mt 20:32.—Mk 10:49; Lk 7:14; 17:12; 18:40. στῆναι τὸ ἅρμα Ac 8:38. ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔστησαν Rv 18:17; cp. vs. 15. ἔστησαν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τοῦ σπηλαίου GJs 19:2. ἔστη ἐπὶ τόπου πεδινοῦ he took his stand on a level place Lk 6:17. Of a star ἐστάθη ἐπάνω οὗ ἦν τὸ παιδίον Mt 2:9; also ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ παιδίου GJs 21:3. Of a flow of blood come to an end ἔστη ἡ ῥύσις τ. αἵματος Lk 8:44 (cp. Ex 4:25 [though HKosmala, Vetus Test. 12, ’62, 28 renders it as an emphatic εἶναι] Heraclid. Pont., Fgm. 49 W.; POxy 1088, 21 [I A.D.]; Cyranides p. 117 note γυναικὶ … αἷμα ἵστημι παραχρῆμα). στῆθι stand Js 2:3. ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ἔστη ἄνω his hand remained (motionless) upraised GJs 18:3 (not pap).

② to come up in the presence of others, come up, stand, appear ἔμπροσθέν τινος before someone Mt 27:11; Lk 21:36. Also ἐνώπιόν τινος Ac 10:30; GJs 11:2 (κατενώπιον TestSol 22:13; Just., D. 127, 3) or ἐπί τινος: σταθήσεσθε you will have to appear Mt 10:18 v.l.; Mk 13:9; ἐπί τοῦ παλατίου AcPl Ha 9, 20. στῆθι εἰς τὸ μέσον Lk 6:8; cp. vs. 8b; J 20:19, 26 (Vi. Aesopi I c. 6 p. 243, 15 Αἴσωπος στὰς εἰς τὸ μέσον ἀνέκραξεν). Also ἐν μέσῳ Lk 24:36; Ac 17:22; Ox 1 verso, 11 (s. Unknown Sayings, 69–71). ἔστη εἰς τὸ κριτήριον she stood before the court GJs 15:2. Cp. J 21:4; Rv 12:18; Lk 7:38. Step up or stand to say someth. or make a speech Lk 18:11. Cp. 19:8; Ac 2:14; 5:20; 11:13 al. ἔστησαν … προσδοκῶντες τὸν Ζαχαρίαν they stood waiting for Z. GJs 24:1. Pract. in the sense of the pf. δυνάμενοι … ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ στῆναι (the cult images) which could not remain standing AcPl Ha 1, 20 (cp. ἵστατο δένδρον κυπάρισσος TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 17 [Stone p. 6]; ὁ τόπος ἐν ᾧ ἱστάμεθα GrBar 6:13).

③ to stand up against, resist, w. πρὸς and acc. offer resistance (Thu. 5, 104) Eph 6:11; abs. resist (Ex 14:13) vs. 13. (Cp. the term στάσις in the sense of ‘rebellion’.)

④ stand firm so as to remain stable, stand firm, hold one’s ground (Ps 35:13) in battle (X., An. 1, 10, 1) Eph 6:14. σταθήσεται will stand firm Ro 14:4a. τίς δύναται σταθῆναι; Rv 6:17. εἰς ἣν στῆτε stand fast in it (Goodsp., Probs. 198) 1 Pt:12. Of house, city, or kingdom Mt 12:25f; Mk 3:24f; Lk 11:18. Cp. Mk 3:26. The OT expr. (Dt 19:15) ἵνα ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων ἢ τριῶν σταθῇ πᾶν ῥῆμα Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1.

⑤ come to a standing position, stand up ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας on one’s feet (Ezk 2:1) Ac 26:16; Rv 11:11. Abs. Ac 3:8.

C. intr., perf. and plupf.

① to be in a standing position, I stand, I stood of bodily position, e.g. of a speaker J 7:37; Ac 5:25, of hearers J 12:29 or spectators Mt 27:47; Lk 23:35; Ac 1:11, of accusers Lk 23:10. Cp. J 18:5, 16, 18ab, 25; 19:25; Ac 16:9 al.

② to be at a place, stand (there), be (there), w. the emphasis less on ‘standing’ than on ‘being, existing’.

ⓐ position indicated by adv. of place ἔξω Mt 12:46f; Lk 8:20; 13:25. μακρόθεν Lk 18:13. ἀπὸ μακρόθεν at a distance 23:49; Rv 18:10. ἐκεῖ Mk 11:5. ὅπου 13:14. ὧδε Mt 16:28; 20:6b. αὐτοῦ Lk 9:27; ἀπέναντι AcPl Ha 3, 30.

ⓑ w. place indicated by a prep. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at the right (hand) of someone or someth. Lk 1:11; Ac 7:55f (HOwen, NTS 1, ’54/55, 224–26). ἐν αὐτοῖς among them Ac 24:21; w. ἐν and dat. of place Mt 20:3; 24:15; J 11:56; Rv 19:17. ἐν μέσῳ J 8:9 v.l. μέσος ὑμῶν 1:26 (v.l. στήκει). ἐπί w. gen. (X., Cyr. 3, 3, 66; Apollodorus [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 209 Jac. ἐπὶ τ. θύρας) Ac 5:23; 21:40; 24:20; 25:10; Rv 10:5, 8; AcPl Ha 7, 37; w. dat. Ac 7:33; w. acc. Mt 13:2; Rv 3:20; 7:1; 14:1; 15:2; GJs 5:2 (ἕστηκας codd., ἔστης pap). παρά w. acc. of place Lk 5:1f. πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης J 6:22. πρό w. gen. of place Ac 12:14. πρός w. dat. of place J 20:11. σύν τινι Ac 4:14. μετά τινος AcPl Ha 11, 3. κύκλῳ τινός around someth. Rv 7:11. W. ἐνώπιον (functioning as prep.) ἐνώπιόν τινος Rv 7:9; 11:4; 12:4; 20:12.

ⓒ abs. (Epict. 4, 1, 88 ἑστῶσα of the citadel, simply standing there; Tat. 26, 2 παρατρέχοντας μὲν ὑμᾶς, ἑστῶτα δὲ τὸν αἰῶνα) Mt 26:73; J 1:35; 3:29; 20:14; Ac 22:25. τὰ πρόβατα εἱστήκει the sheep stood still GJs 18:2 (not pap). The verb standing alone in the sense stand around idle (Eur., Iph. Aul. 861; Aristoph., Av. 206, Eccl. 852; Herodas 4, 44) Mt 20:6a. ἀργός can be added (Aristoph., Eccl. 879f, Pax 256 ἕστηκας ἀργός) vs. 6a v.l., 6b (w. the question cp. Eubulus Com., Fgm. 15, 1 K. τί ἕστηκας ἐν πύλαις; Herodas 5, 40). W. modifying words (Pla., Phdr. 275d ἕστηκε ὡς ζῶντα τὰ ἔκγονα) εἱστήκεισαν ἐνεοί they stood there speechless Ac 9:7. ὡς ἐσφαγμένον Rv 5:6. cp. Ac 26:6. εἱστήκει ἀπεκδεχόμενος AcPl Ant 13, 22 (=Aa I, 237, 5).

③ to stand in attendance on someone, attend upon, be the servant of Rv 8:2 (RCharles, Rv ICC vol. 1, p. 225).

④ stand firm in belief, stand firm of personal commitment in gener. (opp. πεσεῖν), fig. ext. of 1, 1 Cor 10:12; 2 Cl 2:6. τ. πίστει ἕστηκας you stand firm because of your faith Ro 11:20; cp. 2 Cor 1:24. ὸ̔ς ἕστηκεν ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑδραῖος one who stands firm in his heart 1 Cor 7:37. ὁ θεμέλιος ἕστηκεν the foundation stands (unshaken) 2 Ti 2:19 (Stob. 4, 41, 60 [vol. V, p. 945]: Apelles, when he was asked why he represented Tyche [Fortune] in a sitting position, answered οὐχ ἕστηκεν γάρ=because she can’t stand, i.e. has no stability; Hierocles 11, 441 ἑστῶτος τοῦ νόμου=since the law stands firm [unchanged]; Procop. Soph., Ep. 47 μηδὲν ἑστηκὸς κ. ἀκίνητον; 75).

⑤ to be in a condition or state, stand or be in someth., fig. ext. of 1; grace (Hierocles 12, 446 ἐν ἀρετῇ) Ro 5:2; within the scope of the gospel 1 Cor 15:1; in truth J 8:44.

D. intr., pres. mid. to have a beginning, begin, calendaric expression (as old as Hom.) μὴν ἱστάμενος the month just beginning (oft. ins) MPol 21—B. 835. DELG. M-M. TW.

-η,-ον ⁺ A 219-235-252-86-77=872 Gn 1,4(bis).6(bis).7

middle, in the middle Ex 26,28; in the midst Gn 15,10; (τὸ) μέσον midst Ex 36,30

μέσον τῶν παρεμβολῶν between the camps Nm 2,17; μέσον τῆς θαλάσσης in the middle of the sea Ex 14,27; ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν δύο κέρκων ἐν τῷ μέσῳ right in the middle between two tails Jgs^A 15,4; ἀνὰ μέσον ποίμνης καὶ ποίμνης between drove and drove, between one flock and the other Gn 32,17; διὰ μέσον through Am 5,17; ἐν μέσῳ τῷ παραδείσῳ in the middle of paradise Gn 2,9; περὶ μέσας νύκτας about midnight Ex 11,4(primo); εἰς τὸ

middle of Ex 11,4(secundo); ἐκ μέσου τῶν ὀδόντων out of the midst of the teeth, from the teeth Jb 29,17; ἦρται ἐκ τοῦ μέσου he has been moved out of the way Is 57,2; μένει γὰρ ὁ ἄγγελος τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν ῥομφαίαν ἔχων πρίσαι σε μέσον for the angel of God is standing with a sword to saw you into two Sus^Th 59

Cf. CARAGOUNIS 1990, 50; LE BOULLUEC 1989 88.268; LLEWELYN 1994 207(n.36); SOLLAMO 1979 236-

239.247-257.267-269.343-346.350-351; WEVERS 1990 163.459

-ου ⁺ τό N 2 1-0-13-5-19=38 Gn 1,21; Ez 1,5.13(bis).15

living being, animal Gn 1,21

*Hab 3,2 (ἐν μέσῳ δύο) ζῴων (between two) living creatures -חיים (נישׁ בקרב) for MT חייהו (ניםשׁ בקרב) (in the midst of the years) bring it to life; *Jb 38,14 ἔπλασας ζῷον you formed a living creature, you gave life

-חיתם? חיה for MT חותם seal

Cf. MARGOLIS, M.L. 1970 413(Hab 3,2); →TWNT

⁺ ἡ N 1 0-8-12-28-6=54 Jgs 9,36; Jgs^B 9,15; 2 Kgs 20,9.10

shade, shadow Jb 15,29; shadow (as protection) Jgs^B 9,15; shadow (on a sun-dial) 2 Kgs 20,9; shadow

(as a sign of instability) 1 Chr 29,15

*Ps 22(23),4 ἐν μέσῳ σκιᾶς θανάτου in the midst of the shadow of death-מות צל for MT צלמות darkness, see also Is 9,1; Jer 13,16, Ps 43(44),20, 106(107),10.14, Jb 24,17, 28,3

Cf. BARR 1974b, 50-54; →NIDNTT; TWNT

V 0-0-0-0-4=4 Sir 11,9; 23,14; 42,12; Sus^LXX 28

to sit in council, to deliberate [abs.] Sus^LXX 28; to sit in the midst of, among [ἐν μέσῳ τινός] Sir 42,12; id.

[ἀνὰ μέσον τινός] Sir 23,14

V 3-0-0-0-0=3 Nm 1,49; 2,33; 26,62

A: to muster [τινα] Nm 1,49

P: to be numbered among, to be enumerated along with in the census [ἔν τινι] Nm 2,33; id. [ἐν μέσῳ τινός] Nm 26,62;

Cf. DORIVAL 1994, 200

διέχω:

I trans., keep apart or separate,

ὁ ποταμὸς δ. τὰ ῥέεθρα Hdt.9.51

; δ. τὴν φάλαγγα leave gaps in it, Arr.An.1.1.10 (so abs., διασχεῖν make way for a person, Plu. TG18);

δ. τοὺς μαχομένους Id.Caes.20

; δ. τὰς χεῖρας spread them out, esp. for the purpose of parting combatants, Plb.4.52.1;

τὰς χεῖρας ἐν μέσῳ δ. Plu.Cim.19

;

διασχοῦσα τὰς χεῖρας Id.Ant.20

: c. gen.,

τῆς ἐσθῆτος διασχών Id.Aem. 31

.

2 hold fast,

κόντους Paus.10.25.2

.

II intr., go through, hold its way, ἀντικρὺ δὲ διέσχε [ὀϊστός] Il.5.100, 11.253;

δι' ὤμου δ' ὄβριμον ἔγχος ἔσχεν 13.520

;

διά τινος δ. Arist.HA 496b31

; extend, reach,

ἐς τὸν Ἀράβιον κόλπον Hdt.4.42

, cf. 7.122;

ἀπὸ τῶν νεύρων πρὸς τὰς φλέβας Arist.HA 515b28

.

2 stand apart, be separated, distant,

ἑκὰς δ. Thgn.970

;

ὅταν διάσχῃ τὰ κέρατα X.An.3.4.20

, cf. Th. 8.95 (v. l.);

δ. πολὺ ἀπ' ἀλλήλων Id.2.81

;

δ. ἀλλήλων ὡς τεσσαράκοντα στάδια X.An.1.10.4

; διέχοντες πολὺ ᾖσαν they marched with broad intervals, Th.3.22; ὁ Ἑλλήσποντος ταύτῃ σταδίους ὡς πεντήκοντα διεῖχε was about fifty stades wide at this point, X.HG2.1.21.

3 of Time, παιδὸς δὲ βλάστας οὐ διέσχον ἡμέραι τρεῖς not three days parted the birth (sc. from what followed), S.OT 717.

4 of the earth, open,

σεισμῷ Philostr.Her.1.2

; of a river, broaden out, Arr.An.6.5.3.

5 differ,

γέννῃ τε κρήσει τε Emp.22.6

, cf. Arist. Rh. 1412a12;

οὐθὲν ἂν διέχοι φαγεῖν ἢ μὴ φαγεῖν Id.Metaph. 1063a31

.

b excel,

τόλμῃ καὶ προθυμίᾳ App.Pun. 132

.

εἴλω (also [full] εἰλέω, [full] εἱλέω, [full] εἴλλω, [full] εἵλλω, [full] ἴλλω; εἱλῶνται is f.l. in Aret.SD1.2), a word whose meanings are traceable to various roots of similar form, v. infr. D.—From εἴλω ([tense] pres. in Hom. only [voice] Pass. part. εἰλόμενος (v. infr.)), we have [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor.

A

ἔλσα Il.11.413

, inf.

ἐέλσαι 21.295

, [dialect] Dor. part.

ἔλσαις Pi.O.10(11).43

:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor.

ἠλσάμην Semon.17

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 2 ἐάλην [pron. full] [ᾰ] Il.13.408; inf. ἀλῆναι, ἀλήμεναι, 16.714, 18.76; part. ἀλείς, εῖσα, έν 22.308: [tense] pf. ἔελμαι, part. -

μένος 13.524

:—for ἐόλει, ἐόλητο, v. ἐόλει.—From

εἰλέω Il.2.294

: [tense] impf.

εἴλεον Od.22.460

; [var] contr.

εἴλει Il.8.215

, Od.12.210;

ἐείλεον Il.18.447

: [tense] fut.

εἰλήσω LXX Jb.40.21(26)

, AP12.208 (Strat.): [tense] aor.

εἴλησα LXX 4 Ki.2.8

, Dsc.5.87 (ἐν-):—[voice] Med., [tense] impf.

εἰλεῦντο Il.21.8

; part.

εἰλεύμενος Hdt.2.76

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.

εἰλήθην Hp.Morb.4.52

: [tense] pf.

εἴλημαι LXX 1 Ki.21.9(10)

and Is.11.5 (s. v. l.), Lyc. 1202: [tense] plpf.

εἴληντο J.AJ 12.1.9

.

A shut in (less freq. shut out, εἰλέσθων τοῦ ἱαροῦ let them be shut out from the temple, IG22.1126.48 (iv B.C.)); [Ὀδυσῆα] ἔλσαν ἐν μέσσοισι μετὰ σφίσι, πῆμα δὲ ἔλσαν (Zenod., v.l. πῆμα τιθέντες) Il.11.413;

ὅτε Κύκλωψ εἴλει ἐνὶ σπῆϊ Od.12.210

, cf. 22.460;

ἔνθα δυώδεκα μὲν μένον ἤματα δῖοι Ἀχαιοί· εἴλει γὰρ Βορέης ἄνεμος μέγας οὐδ' ἐπὶ γαίῃ εἴα ἵστασθαι Od.19.200

;

ὅν περ ἄελλαι χειμέριαι εἰλέωσιν Il.2.294

;

εἱλεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ τόπῳ, μὴ δυνάμενον ἐκπλεῦσαι Arist.Mir. 840a33

, cf. EM298.29; εἰς ἄστυ ἄλεν (for ἄλησαν) Il.22.12;

κατὰ ἄστυ ἐέλμεθα 24.662

;

ἐελμένοι ἔνδοθι πύργων 18.287

;

νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσιν ἐελμένοι 12.38

; χειμέριον ἀλὲν ὕδωρ ponded water, prevented from flowing away, Il.23.420; ὅσοι πικροὶ.. χυμοὶ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα πλανηθέντες ἔξω μὲν μὴ λάβωσιν ἀναπνοήν, ἐντὸς δὲ εἱλλόμενοι (v.l. εἰλόμενοι) τὴν ἀφ' αὑτῶν ἀτμίδα τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς φορᾷ συμμείξαντες ἀνακερασθῶσι, Pl.Ti. 86e.

2 hinder, hold in check, prevent,

ἧστο Διὸς βουλῇσιν ἐελμένος Il.13.524

, cf. A.Fr.25: ἔλλοψ (as though ἴλλοψ ) is derived from ἴλλεσθαι = εἴργεσθαι and ὄψ = φωνή by Ath.7.308c.

3 enclose, cover, protect,

ὑπ' ἀσπίδος ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἔλσας Callin.1.11

; τῇ ὕπο (sc. τῇ ἀσπίδι) πᾶς ἐάλη he was entirely covered, Il.13.408.

B press, as olives and grapes, Paus.Gr.Fr.155; ἀμφὶ βίην Διομήδεος.. εἰλόμενοι huddling around him, Il.5.782; ἵππων φειδόμενος, μή μοι δευοίατο φορβῆς ἀνδρῶν, εἰλομένων, εἰωθότες ἔδμεναι ἄδην here where men throng, ib. 203;

πλῆθεν.. ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν εἰλομένων· εἴλει δὲ.. Ἕκτωρ 8.215

, cf. 1.409, 18.447, 21.295; πόλις δ' ἔμπλητο ἀλέντων ib. 607; ἐς ποταμὸν εἰλεῦντο they were forced into the river, ib.8; εἱλουμένης τῆς τροφῆς the nourishment being concentrated, Thphr.CP6.11.8;

θῆρας ὁμοῦ εἰλεῦντα Od.11.573

; [λέων] ἰλλόμενός περ ὁμίλῳ hard- pressed, A.R.2.27;

ἀπωθούμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ περιεστῶτος ἔξωθεν πνεύματος πάλιν ἐντὸς ὑπὸ τὸ δέρμα εἱλλόμενον κατερριζοῦτο Pl.Ti. 76b

:—[voice] Pass., of crowds, swarm, jostle one another,

ἐν ὀλίγῳ εἰλουμένους Plu.Crass.25

; of ants, Luc.Icar.19.

2 in [tense] aor. [voice] Pass., of a man or animal, contract his body, draw himself together,

Αἰνείας δ' ἐάλη καὶ ἀπὸ ἕθεν ἀσπίδ' ἀνέσχεν Il.20.278

; ἐνὶ δίφρῳ ἧστο ἀλείς ( huddled up),

ἐκ γὰρ πλήγη φρένας 16.403

; of a lion when struck,

ἐάλη τε χανών 20.168

; of a warrior,

Ἀχιλῆα ἀλεὶς μένεν 21.571

;

οἴμησεν δὲ ἀλεὶς ὥς τ' αἰετὸς ὑψιπετήεις 22.308

, Od. 24.538.

II without the idea of pressure, collect,

ἐν Πίσᾳ ἔλσαις στρατὸν λείαν τε πᾶσαν Pi.O.10(11).43

:—[voice] Pass., Ἀργείους ἐκέλευσα ἀλήμεναι ἐνθάδε πάντας to assemble, Il.5.823.

C (found only in the forms εἰλέω ([etym.] εἱλ-) , ἴλλω) wind, turn round,

σκολιήν τε καὶ οὐ μίαν ἀτραπὸν ἴλλων Nic.Th. 478

; ἀπὸ δὲ τῶ[ν πετρῶν] ἴλλει ἡ στεφάνη ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον GDIiv p.847 (iv B.C.);

νῆα δ' ἔπειτα πέριξ εἴλει ῥόος A.R.2.571

; roll, γλῶσσαν dub.in Call.Iamb.1.144:— [voice] Pass., revolve, move to and fro,

ἰλλομένων ἀρότρων S.Ant. 340

(lyr.);

οἱ ἀστέρες ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ εἰλέονται Luc.Astr.29

; περὶ τὴν γῆν ἀεὶ εἱλεῖν ἰών, as etym. of ἥλιος ([etym.] ἀέλιος), Pl.Cra. 409a; εἰλέονται ἐπὶ τὸ ὑγιὲς σκέλος they pivot or swing round on the sound leg, Hp.Art.52, cf. Mochl.20; of a flame,

περὶ δ' αὐτὸν εἰλεῖτο φλόξ Mosch.4.104

; κατ' αὐτὸν (sc. τὸν κισσὸν) ἕλιξ εἰλεῖται is twined round, Theoc.1.31;

δαίμων ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ παντὸς εἱλουμένη Herm.

ap. Stob.1.3.52; also of hair on the crown, to be whorled, Ruf.Onom.13.

II roll up tight, [

κῶας] εἴλει ἀφασσόμενος A.R.4.181

;

τὴν μηλωτὴν εἱλήσας LXX 4 Ki. 2.8

:—[voice] Pass., ἰλλομένοις ἐπὶ λαίφεσι furled, A.R.1.329.

2 bind fast,

δεσμοῖς ἰλλόμενος A.R.1.129

, cf. 2.1249 ([voice] Pass.), cf. S.Fr. 158.

III metaph. in [voice] Pass., ἐν ποσὶ εἱλεῖσθαι to be familiar, Hdt. 2.76;

οἱ περὶ τὰς δίκας εἱλούμενοι Max.Tyr.28.3

, cf. Alciphr.3.60,64.

D It seems impossible to derive all the above uses from an orig. sense squeeze, though most of those under A and B, as well as C. II, might be so explained; but A seems to imply a root meaning bar, cf. ἀποϝηλέω, ἐγϝηληθίωντι, ϝήλημα (βήλημα), εἶλαρ, and C is to be compared with εἰλύω, Lat. volvo: some passages are doubtful in meaning, μή νυν περὶ σαυτὸν εἶλλε τὴν γνώμην ἀεί do not roll or wrap your thought round you, or do not confine your thought within you, Ar.Nu. 761; γῆν.. ἰλλομένην (v.l. εἱλλ-, εἰλλ-)

τὴν περὶ τὸν διὰ παντὸς πόλον τεταμένον Pl.Ti. 40b

was taken to mean revolving by Arist.Cael. 293b31 (cf.

περὶ τὸ μέσον εἱλεῖσθαι Mete. 356a5

) but expld. (omitting τήν ) as packed tightly about.. by Procl.in Ti.3.136 D.; ἐν δὲ τῇ ταραχῇ (in the churning) εὐρυχωρίης γινομένης, εἰλέεται (sc. τὸ ὑγρόν) ἀποκεκριμένον καὶ θερμαίνει τὸ σῶμα perh. is squeezed out, Hp. Morb.4.51; πρὶν δὲ ταραχθῆναι οὐκ ἔχει ἐκχωρέειν τὸ πλεῖον τοῦ ὑγροῦ, ἀλλ' ἄνω καὶ κάτω εἰλέεται μεμιγμένον τῷ ἄλλῳ ὑγρῷ is driven up and down, ibid.:— νῆα κεραυνῷ Ζεὺς ἔλσας (

ἐλάσας Zenod.

) ἐκέασσε prob. striking the ship.., Od.5.132, cf. 7.250 (only here in this sense).

κοινός, ή, όν, also ός, όν S.Tr. 207 (lyr.):—

A common (opp. ἴδιος), not in Hom. (v. ξυνός) ; ἐκ κοινοῦ shared in common, Hes.Op. 723;

ἔσται γὰρ βίος ἐκ κ. Ar.Ec. 610

; of a common altar, Simon.140;

τὸ τέμενος εἶναι κ. SIG1044.29

(Halic., iv/iii B.C.);

κ. ἔρχεται κῦμ' Ἀΐδα Pi.N.7.30

; τρεῖς.. κ. ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι, of the Gorgons, A.Pr. 795; κ. ὠφέλημα θνητοῖσιν φανείς, of Prometheus, ib. 613;

τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι κοινάς Pl. R. 457d

: prov.,

κοινὸν τύχη A.Fr. 389

, cf. Men.Mon. 356;

κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων E.Or. 735

(troch.), Pl.Phdr. 279c, Men.9, etc.; κ. Ἑρμῆς 'share the luck', Id.Epit.67, 100; κ. ἀρωγά common aid (i.e. for all), S.Ph. 1145 (lyr.); ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγά and let the shouts of males rise jointly, Id.Tr. 207 (lyr.);

κ. πόλεμον πολεμεῖν X.Hier.2.8

;

τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κ. Men.531.8

;

κ. τὸν ᾅδην ἔσχον οἱ πάντες βροτοί Id.538.8

;

κ. ἀγαθὸν τοῦτ' ἐστί, χρηστὸς εὐτυχῶν Id.791

: c. dat., κ. τινί common to or with another,

ὑμῖν φῶς.. καὶ τοῖσδ' ἅπασι κ. A.Ag. 523

;

ὁ δαίμων κ. ἦν ἀμφοῖν ἅμα Id.Th. 812

;

θάλατταν κ. ἐᾶν τοῖς ἡττημένοις And.3.19

;

οἰκία.. κοινοτάτη ἀεὶ τῷ δεομένῳ Id.1.147

; [πολιτεία] τίς κοινοτάτη; Arist.Pol. 1289b14, cf. 1265b29;

κοινόν τι χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυα X.HG7.1.32

;

τὸν ἥλιον τὸν κ. ἡμῖν Men.611

: c. gen.,

πάντων αἰθὴρ κ. φάος εἱλίσσων A.Pr. 1092

(anap.), cf. Pers. 132 (lyr.), Eu. 109, Pi.N.1.32; κ. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων shared in by both.., Pl.Mx. 241c, etc.: with Preps., τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., v. infr. v;

κ. κατ' ἀμφοτέρων A.D.Synt.144.19

;

οὐ γίγνεταί μοί τι κ. πρός τινα AP11.141

(Lucill.), cf. Iamb.Myst.5.7; μέρος κ. πρός τινα shared with.., CPR22.11 (ii A.D.), etc.;

κ. μεταξύ τινων Stud.Pal.1.7

ii 11 (v A.D.).

II in social and political relations, public, general, τὸ κ. ἀγαθόν the common weal, Th.5.90;

κ. λόγῳ Id.5.37

, Hdt.1.141; κ. στόλῳ ib. 170;

ἀδικήματα D.21.45

;

ὁ τῆς πόλεως κ. δήμιος Pl.Lg. 872b

; κοινότατον of public or general interest, ib. 724b, cf. Arist.Rh. 1354b29; of constitutions, popular, free,

κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας Isoc.10.36

.

2 τὸ κ. the state,

τὸ κ. Σπαρτιητέων Hdt.1.67

: abs., of one's own state, Ar.Ec. 208, etc.;

τὸ κ. ὠφελεῖται Antipho 3.2.3

, cf. X.Cyr.2.2.20;

τὰς ὠφελείας ἅπασιν εἰς τὸ κ. ἀπεδίδου Isoc.10.36

.

b esp. of leagues or federations,

τὸ κ. τῶν Ἰώνων Hdt.5.109

;

τῶν συμμάχων Isoc.14.21

;

τῶν Βοιωτῶν SIG457.10

(Thespiae, iii B.C.), Plb.20.6.1 (pl.), etc.; ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ (sc. τῶν Θεσσαλῶν) Th.4.78; also, of private associations, Test.Epict.1.22, SIG 1113 ([place name] Loryma), al.; of guilds or corporations,

τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων POxy.53.2

(iv A.D.); of boards of magistrates, τὸ κ. τῶν ἀρχόντων ib.54.12 (iii A.D.).

c the government, public authorities, Th.1.90, 2.12, etc.;

τὰ κ. Hdt.3.156

;

ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐπὶ τὰ κ. Th.5.37

; ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. by public authority, Hdt.5.85, 8.135; σὺν τῷ κ. by common consent, Id.9.87.

d the public treasury,

χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κ. γενομένων Id.7.144

;

ἐν τῷ κ. καὶ ἐν τοῖς ίεροῖς Th.6.6

, cf. 17;

χρήματα δοῦναι ἐκ τοῦ κ. Hdt.9.87

; ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ (without the Art.), Th.1.80, cf. Sch.adloc.

e common right or rights of citizens,

τὸ κ. τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν Arist.Pol. 1283b41

.

3 τὰ κ. public affairs: πρὸς τὰ κ. προσελθεῖν, προσιέναι, to enter public life, D. 18.257, Aeschin.1.165; but also, the public money, Ar.Pl. 569, D.8.23 (in full,

τὰ κ. χρήματα X.HG6.5.34

, Arist.Pol. 1271b11); τὰ κ. τῆς πόλεως, opp. τὰ ἁγνά, BMus.Inscr.4.481*.383; ἀπὸ κοινοῦ at the public expense, X.An.4.7.27, 5.1.12;

ἐκ κοινοῦ φαγεῖν Euphro 8.4

, cf. Antiph. 230; ἐκ κ. from common funds, at joint expense, PGrenf.1.21.19 (ii B.C.).

III common, ordinary,

τὰ κ. εἰδέναι Pl.Ax. 366b

;

διὰ τῶν κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πίστεις Arist.Rh. 1355a27

; κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή] Id.EN 1118b1; τὰ κ. commonplaces, Men.Sam.27, Epit. 309; so

κ. τόπος Hermog.Prog.6

, Aphth.Prog.7; ἡ κ. ἔννοια or ἐπίνοια, Plb. 2.62.2, 6.5.2; κ. νοῦς, φρένες, common sense, Phld.Rh.1.37 S., 202 S.; κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι general and all-pervading vices, Id.Sign.28;

κ. καὶ δημώδη ὀνόματα Longin.40.2

;

κ. καὶ ἐν μέσῳ κείμενα ὀνόματα D.H.Lys.3

; ἡ κ. διάλεκτος every-day language (free from archaisms and far-fetched expressions), Id.Isoc.2;

πεφευγὼς τὸ κ. Phld.Acad. Ind.p.53

M.

2 Gramm., ordinary, 'regular' Greek, opp. special dialects, διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ. Sch.D.T. p.14 H., cf. D.S.1.16, Theodos.Can.p.37 H., etc.; ἡ κ. alone, A.D. Conj.223.24; τὸ κ. ἔθος, ἡ κ. ἐκφορά, Id.Adv.155.10, Pron.4.27; οἱ κ. the writers who use this language, Sch.D.T.p.469 H., EM405.23.

b colloquial, vulgar Greek, Moer.pp.201 ([comp] Comp., prob. for καιν-), 243 P., al.

c ἡ κ. διάλεκτος demotic Egyptian, Manethoap. J.Ap.1.14.

3 common, of inferior quality,

χρυσός POxy.905.5

(ii A.D.), 1273.6 (iii A.D.).

4 in magical formulae, of words added at will by the user, ' and so forth', freq.in Pap., PMag.Osl.1.255, PMag.Par.1.273, al.; κοινὰ ὅσα θέλεις ib.2.53;

ὁ κ. λόγος PMag.Lond.46.435

; cf. κοινολογία.

IV of Persons, connected by common origin or kindred, esp.of brothers and sisters,

κ. σπέρμα Pi.O.7.92

, cf.S.OT 261, OC 535 (lyr.);

κ. αἷμα Id.Ant. 202

, cf. 1; κ. πατήρ, μήτηρ, PAmh.2.152.9(v/vi A.D.), PFlor.47.11 (iii A.D.); also

κ. Χάριτες Pi.O.2.50

.

2 one who shares in a thing, partner,

ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα S.OT 240

;

κ. ἐν κοινοῖσι λυπεῖσθαι Id.Aj. 267

, cf. Ar.V. 917; also κ. τῷ θεῷ belonging in part to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), Berl.Sitzb.1927.161 ([place name] Cyrene).

3 lending a ready ear to all, impartial,

μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε Th.3.53

; neutral, ib.68;

κοινοὺς τῷ τε διώκοντι καὶ τῷ φεύγοντι Lys.15.1

;

μέτριος καὶ κ. Arist.Ath.6.3

; κοινοί, οἱ, arbitrators, GDI1832.10 (Delph.);

κ. μεσίτης PStrassb.41.14

(iii A.D.); of a capital city, δεῖ.. κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων easily accessible on all sides, Arist.Pol. 1327a6.

b courteous, affable, X. Cyn.13.9;

κ. ἅπασι γενέσθαι Isoc.5.80

;

τῇ πρὸς πάντας φιλανθρωπίᾳ κ. Democh.2

J.;

ἔχειν τὰς κ. φρένας Phld.Rh.1.202

S.

c in bad sense, κοινή, ἡ, prostitute, Vett.Val.119.30, Porph.Hist.Phil.12 (pl.).

d of events, κοινότεραι τύχαι more impartial, i.e. more equal, chances, Th.5.102; ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κ. πᾶσι c. inf., And.2.6.

V in Logic, general, universal, τὸ κ. λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., Pl.Tht. 185b, 185c;

τὰ κ. λεγόμενα ἀξιώματα Arist.APo. 76b14

; αἱ κ. ἀρχαί ib. 88a36; κ. ἔννοιαι axioms, heading in Euc.; general,

κ. ὅρος Arist.Metaph. 987b6

; κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη general principles, Phld.Rh.1.69S.; κ. σημεῖον, opp. ἴδιον, Id.Sign.14; κ. κρίσις objectively valid judgement, Id.Po.5.22;

ὄνομα κ. Str.10.2.10

; abstract,

ὁ κ. ἄνθρωπος καὶ λογισμῷ ληπτός Dam.Pr. 341

.

VI Gramm.,

1 κ. συλλαβή common syllable, capable of being long or short, D.T.633.17, Heph. 1.4.

b κ. ποιήματα, poems which are both κατὰ στίχον and συστηματικά, e.g. the Sapphic stanza, Id.pp.58,59 C.; also, poems of ambiguous metrical form, Id.p.60 C.

2 v.supr.111.2.

3 of gender,

κ. γένος D.T.634.19

; of nouns, A.D.Pron.30.7, al., EM143.33, 305.19, etc.

4 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν, of two clauses taking a word in common, A.D.Synt.122.14, al.; κοινὸν or ἐκ κοινοῦ παραλαμβάνεσθαι, ib.20, 28, al.

VII of forbidden meats, common, profane,

φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον Act.Ap.10.14

, cf. Ep.Rom.14.14;

κ. χερσὶ ἐσθίειν Ev.Marc.7.2

.

VIII κοινόν, τό, name of an eye-salve, CIL 13.10021.3, al.

B Adv. κοινῶς in common, jointly, E. Ion 1462;

τὰ κοινὰ κ. δεῖ φέρειν συμπτώματα Men.817

: [comp] Comp., ἐν Κρήτῃ -οτέρως [ἔχει τὰ τῶν συσσιτίων] Arist.Pol. 1272a16.

2 publicly,

κ. μᾶλλον ὠφέλησαν ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔβλαψαν Th.2.42

, etc.

3 sociably, like other citizens,

οὐδὲ κ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς ἐβίωσαν Isoc.4.151

;

ἴσως καὶ κ. πρός τινα προσφέρεσθαι Arist.Rh.Al. 1430a1

;

κ. καὶ φιλικῶς Plu.Ant.33

; μετρίως καὶ κ. ὰσπάζεσθαι Id.Arat.43.

4 in general, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 3.81a; ἡ κ. σύνεσις, τὸ κ. ἄνθρωπον", Phld.Vit.p.34J., Mort.38; opp. ἰδίως, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.41, Plu.Marc.8, cf. Longin.15.1;

κοινότερον εἰπεῖν Phld.Rh.1.256

S.; - οτέρως Orib.Fr.93.

5 in the common dialect, A.D.Pron.82.27, al.: [comp] Comp. - ότερον Id.Synt.159.5.

6 in plain language, opp. σοφιστικῶς, Plu.2.659f; in the ordinary or wide sense, opp. κυρίως, Them.in APo.5.5: [comp] Comp., M.Ant. 2.10.

II fem. dat. [full] κοινῇ; [dialect] Dor. [full] κοινᾷ SIG56.11 (Argos, v B.C.); [dialect] Boeot. [full] κυνῆ ib.635.31 (Acraeph., ii B.C.):—in common, by common consent, Hdt.1.148, 3.79, S.OT 606, OC 1339, E.Hipp. 731, Th.1.3, etc.;

κ. πᾶσι καὶ χωρίς Arist.Pol. 1278b23

, cf. Ath.40.3; κ. μετά τινος, κ. σύν τινι, Pl.Smp. 209c, SIG346.27 (iv B.C.), X.Mem.1.6.14, etc.;

ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ κ. Alex.291

: also neut.pl.

κοινά S.Ant. 546

.

2 publicly,

καὶ κ. καὶ ἰδίᾳ X.HG1.2.10

, Mem.2.1.12, etc.

3 as Prep. c. dat., together with, E. Ion 1228, Hel. 829, Fr. 823.

III with Preps., εἰς κοινόν in common, in public,

ὑμῖν τῇδέ τ' ἐς κ. φράσω A.Pr. 844

;

πᾶσιν ἐς κ. λέγω Id.Eu. 408

, cf.Ar.Av. 457 (lyr.), Pl.Lg. 796e;

εἰς κ. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι D.19.156

; εἰς τὸ κ. λέγειν, ἀγορεύειν, Pl.Tht. 165a, X. An.5.6.27; εἰς τὸ κ. for public use, Pl.Lg. 681c.

2 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ, ἐκ κοινοῦ, v.A.1.1, 11.3, VI.4.

3 ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν, Lat. rem in medio reliquerunt, Arist.Metaph. 987b14; but οἱ ἐν κ. γιγνόμενοι λόγοι, = οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι, Id.de An. 407b29.

4 κατὰ κοινόν, opp. κατ' ἰδίαν, jointly, in common, Lexap.D.21.94, Plb.4.3.5; prob. for

κατὰ κοινοῦ Id.11.30.3

.

κῠκ-άω,

A stir, of one curdling milk, Il.5.903; mix, τινι with a thing,

τυρόν τε καὶ ἄλφιτα καὶ μέλι χλωρὸν οἴνῳ.. ἐκύκα Od.10.235

, cf. Il.11.638;

φάρμακα κ. Hp.Ep.17

;

ἅλμην κύκα τούτοισιν Ar.V. 1515

, cf. Dsc.5.79: metaph.,

αἰ μή τί τ' εἴπην γλῶσσ' ἐκύκα κακόν Sapph.28

:— [voice] Med., mix for oneself, Ar. Pax 1169 (lyr.).

II stir up,

ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω τὸν βόρβορον Id.Eq. 866

;

ἄνεμοι κ. τὸ πέλαγος Alciphr.1.10

; of intrigue,

ἕτερόν τι κ. Men.Epit. 211

: hence, throw into confusion or disorder,

νιφάδι καὶ βροντήμασι.. κυκάτω πάντα A.Pr. 994

;

κ. τὴν βουλήν Ar.Eq. 363

;

τὴν Ἑλλάδα Id. Pax 270

; κ... πάντα καὶ ταραττέτω ib. 320, cf. Pl.Phd. 101e, Epicur.Nat.14.7, etc.: in Hom. only [voice] Pass., to be confounded, panic-stricken,

τὼ δὲ κυκηθήτην Il.11.129

;

τρὶς δὲ κυκήθησαν Τρῶες 18.229

;

κυκήθησαν δέ οἱ ἵπποι 20.489

; of a river, to be churned up, seethe,

πάντα δ' ὄρινε ῥέεθρα κυκώμενος 21.235

, cf. 324; of Charybdis, Od.12.238;

κλύδων' ἔφιππον ἐν μέσῳ κυκώμενον S.El. 733

; of mental disquiet,

θυμὲ κήδεσιν κυκώμενε Archil.66

; ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς τοξότου κυκώμενος hustled by him, Ar.Ach. 707.

κυκλ-ώδης, ες,

A = κυκλοειδής, circular, κ. παραλλαγή a distortion of several vertebrae forming a curve, opp. γωνιώδης, Hp.Art.48.

2 round the outside, opp. ἐν μέσῳ, Id.Epid. 7.84.

μέσσᾰτος, η, ον, irreg. [comp] Sup. of μέσσος,

A midmost, ἐν μεσσάτῳ for ἐν μέσῳ, Il.8.223; [dialect] Att. [full] μέσατος,

υἱός Ar.V. 1502

, cf. Men.267, Theoc. 21.19, IG14.2012A33 (Sulp. Max.), Opp.C.1.112, D.P.204:—in later [dialect] Ep. [full] μεσσάτιος, Call.Dian.78, D.P.296, Opp.C.4.442. (For the form, cf. νέατος, τρίτος τρίτατος.)